Pigtrop - Le centre d'information sur l'élevage porcin et les filières porcines des pays du Sud

Résumé

La peste porcine africaine, (PPA) est une maladie virale très grave en extension et menaçant le développement des productions porcines dans le monde entier. Le virus est un déoxyribovirus cytoplasmique de symétrie icosahédrique de la famille des Asfarviridae. C'est une arbovirus (transmis par les tiques) et c'est le seul arbovirus contenant de l'ADN. Les suidés sauvages d'Afrique, principalement le phacochère et le potamochère, sont les vertébrés à l'origine de la PPA. Les porcs domestiques sont infectés par les tiques (Ornithodoros moubata) ou par contacts directs avec des porcs sauvages. Des transmissions transstadiales et transovariennes ont lieu chez les tiques. Récemment, la PPA a causé une morbidité et une mortalité élevées chez les porcs domestiques au Nigeria et dans d'autres pays de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, considérés auparavant comme étant indemnes de la maladie. Aucune voie de protection vaccinale n'a été mise au point à ce jour. La protection réside dans des mesures sanitaires avec abattage et des mesures d'accompagnement, quarantaine stricte des porcs et des produits issus des élevages aux frontières, moyens nécessaires pour limiter les foyers de PPA en Afrique, notamment en Afrique de l'Ouest. Une meilleure connaissance de la maladie, la cuisson des eaux grasses dans l'alimentation des porcs, ainsi que des mesures de contrôle des porcs en divagation sont devenues les priorités dans l'éradication de la PPA. Les recherches sur un vaccin doivent être intensifiées. Les services gouvernementaux doivent améliorer les voies de diagnostic de terrain et de laboratoire, ainsi que les méthodes et réseaux d'informations, la PPA étant une maladie à déclaration obligatoire.

Introduction

Initial outbreaks

Current outbreaks

Southern Africa

East Africa: Kenya

West Africa

Europe and United States

Epizootiology

Clinical signs

Pathology

Diagnosis

Antibody detection

Virus isolation

Detection of genome nucleic acids

Antigen detection

Comparative assessment of diagnostic techniques

Serosurveillance

Treatment and control

References

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