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Resumen

La peste porcina africana (PPA) es una devastadora enfermedad viral en expansión, que amenaza actualmente la industria porcina mundial. El virus es un desoxiribovirus citoplásmico icosaedral (ICDV), perteneciente a la familia Asfarviridae. Es un arbovirus (transmitido por garrapatas) y es el único arbovirus que contiene ADN. Los suinos salvajes de Africa, principalmente el jabalí y el cerdo de bosque, son los huéspedes vertebrados originales de PPA. Los cerdos domésticos son infectados por garrapatas ( Ornithodoros moubata) o por contacto directo con suinos salvajes. Las infecciones trans estadio y trans ovariana pueden presentarse en garrapatas. Recientemente, PPA provocó una alta morbilidad y mortalidad en los cerdos domésticos en Nigeria y otros países de Africa del oeste, previamente conocidos como libres de la enfermedad. No se ha descubierto una vacuna protectora, por lo tanto, la política de sacrificio con compensación adecuada, cuarentena estricta de los cerdos y sus productos en las fronteras son necesarias para parar las epidemias de PPA en curso en Africa, particularmente en Africa del oeste. Para erradicar la PPA es ahora urgente la toma de conciencia de PPA, cocinar bien la carne de cerdo antes de servirla y reforzar la regulaciones contra los cerdos deambulantes. La investigación para la producción de una vacuna debe intensificarse. Los gobiernos deben mejorar la clínica veterinaria ambulatoria y los servicios de diagnóstico, así como la red de información, ya que PPA es una enfermedad notable.

Current outbreaks

Southern Africa

East Africa: Kenya

West Africa

Europe and United States

Epizootiology

Clinical signs

Pathology

Diagnosis

Antibody detection

Virus isolation

Detection of genome nucleic acids

Antigen detection

Comparative assessment of diagnostic techniques

Serosurveillance

Treatment and control

References

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